ICU
ICU
Intensive care represents the highest level of patient care and treatment designated for critically ill patients with potentially recoverable life-threatening conditions. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services defines critical illness or injury as “acutely impairing one or more vital organ systems such that there is a high probability of imminent or life-threatening deterioration in the patient’s condition”. Intensive care (critical care) is a multidisciplinary and interprofessional speciality specifically designed for the management of patients at risk of developing or with established, life-threatening organ failure. The capacity to temporarily support and, if necessary, replace the function of many failing organ systems, particularly the lungs, cardiovascular system and kidneys, is what underscores intensive care medicine.
The Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is a separate, self-contained area within a medical facility, equipped with high-tech specialised facilities designed for close monitoring, rapid intervention and often extended treatment of patients with acute organ dysfunction.It is committed to the management and continuous monitoring of patients with life-threatening conditions.intensive care aims to maintain vital functions to prevent further physiological deterioration, reduce mortality and prevent morbidity in critically ill patients. Provision of intensive care is within the continuum of primary, secondary and tertiary care, with the majority of these services delivered in the secondary-care setting.
Surgical Treatment – Evidence-Based and Problem-Oriented” is based upon a concept which the editors believe will become increasingly important in the preparation of clinical textbooks in the 21st century, namely the quality of the evidence upon which currently accepted clinical practice is based needs to be assessed frankly and taken into account when recommendations for patient treatment are made. As is apparent in many of the chapters in this volume, the authors are frequently forced to conclude that a higher level of evidence than is currently available would be necessary in order establish the validity of the currently accepted management of a wide variety of common surgical problems. The editors believe this is a fact of which both students and surgical practitioners need to be aware, so that they may be prepared to update and alter their clinical decision making on the basis of higher levels of evidence when these become available. The editors also hope that increasing awareness of the low level of evidence upon which much present day surgical practice is based will prompt surgeons from many countries to plan or at least participate in clinical trials to achieve a higher quality of evidence upon which to base a more rational clinical practice.
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